Operators' rush to roll out data-intensive mobile broadband applications has typically focused on densely-populated urbanized markets, leaving rural areas underserved with no proper coverage for 2G voice services, let alone 3G and HSPA reach. Isolated regions require large installations to connect small numbers of dispersed subscribers to nationwide networks, a prohibitively expensive undertaking that, until now, could not be financially justified.
Currently, however, two significant factors are causing operators to shift their attention to these neglected territories: Market saturation and government regulation. Mature, urban markets have become extremely competitive and present low growth potential, while rural areas offer a large untapped subscriber base that requires minimal efforts for new customer acquisition. In addition, many governments have recognized the direct link between economic stimulus and ICT ubiquity, leading to a growing number of “broadband everywhere” initiatives that encourage carriers to expand their service footprint to remote areas, using both carrot (incentive grants and tax concessions) and stick (service availability as a pre-requisite for operator licenses) tactics.